Enterprise Integration and Communications Systems GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY
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Calibration Schedule: The objective of a calibration schedule is to detect the deterioration of performance of equipment and tools before the thresholds of performance are exceeded. Calibration schedules are established by classes of equipment and are varied to reflect precision, nature and extent of use. Schedules can be based on elapsed calendar time, actual amount of usage or actual operating hours. [JURA].
Calibration Status: The status of the calibration, such as adherence or deviation from a calibration schedule, etc.
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing, that part of Computer Integrated Manufacturing restricted to the operation and control of manufacturing functions.
Capacity Plan: The capacity requirements plan determines how much labor and equipment are needed to accomplish the tasks of production. It translates the production orders into hours of work at a work center by time period. [APICs].
Capacity Plan Rough: The process of converting the master schedule into capacity needs for critical resources: manpower, equipment, warehouse space, vendor capabilities and money. Often the Bill of Resources is used to accomplish this. The purpose of the Capacity Plan is to evaluate the master schedule prior to implementing it. [APICs] Syn: Capacity Resource Plan.
Carrier Band: A single channel signaling technique in which the digital signal is modulated on a carrier and transmitted (also see Baseband).
Carrying Cost: The cost of carrying inventory is usually defined as a percentage of the dollar values of inventory per unit of time. Carrying Cost depends on cost of capital invested as well as the costs of maintaining inventory, such as taxes and insurance, obsolescence, spoilage and storage. Costs vary from 10 to 35 percent annually. Carrying Cost is an opportunity cost due to alternative uses found for funds tied up in inventory [APIC].
CASA/SME: The Computer and Automated Systems Association of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. CASA/SME is a professional engineering association dedicated to the advancement of engineering technology. CASA/SME sponsors both the MAP and TOP (Technical and Office Protocol) Users Groups.
CASE: Common Applications Service Elements. CASE is one of the applications protocols specified by MAP. Largely superseded by ACSE (op cit). Computer Aided Software Engineering, computer based tools to aid programming tasks.
CATV: Community Antenna Television (see Broadband).
CBEMA: Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association. CBEMA committee X3T9.5 is working on high speed LAN standards.
CCITT: International Consulting Committee on Telephone and Telegraph (French abbreviation). Important enterprise integration standards include the X.25 family of standards that are used in wide area networks (WANs) and X.409 which provides the basis of ASN.1.
Cell Model: A graphic representation of a human or machine-directed function, which has elements of input, activity and output.
CI List: A tabulation of engineering drawings, specifications and other reference documents needed to fabricate and assemble a Configuration Item. [SAMA].
CIM: See Computer Integrated Manufacturing. The computer integrated enterprise of manufacturing including the management of required resources; people, organization, material, energy, data, computer technology and automation equipment.
CIM Architecture: A graphical representation of organization and connectivity of elements that participate in a CIM system.
CIM-OSA: A European organization which is attempting to develop Open System Architecture (OSA) standards for CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) environments.
CIM Program Proposal: A logical series of projects to achieve key business requirements.
CIM System: Refers to an implementation of the CIM architecture to integrate an enterprise. Proper selection of CIM products and standards as part of the system will require characteristics of the particular enterprise and attributes of its data requirements to be defined.
CI Parts List: This list may be either an indentured or an alphanumeric listing of all parts making up a configuration item, (CI). The list illustrates the indentured relationship, application, quantities and engineering revision status for all parts and assemblies within the CI [SAMA].
CI Specification: The Configuration Item (CI) Specification establishes the functional, performance and design criteria for the design, development, testing and production of any combination of parts, subassemblies, units or groups that perform a specific function and is essential to the completeness of a system or subsystem [SAMA].
Closed Loop System: Refers to a feedback control system involving one or more feedback control loops, which combine functions of controlled signals and of commands, in order to keep relationships between the two stable.
CMSG: Cost Management Systems Guide.
Code ID: A unique number assigned to each company that builds or develops items for the government [SAMA].
Cohesion: Requires that each module is designed to perform a single-well-defined function, and the function is completely contained in the module.
Common LISP: An implementation of the LISP programming languages that incorporates features that are common to several implementations of LISP. [DEC]
Communication: The transfer of information and understanding from one point or person to another. The basic elements in the process of communication are an information source, encoding, transmission, reception, and decoding.
Compatibility: Using an instruction, program, or component on more than one computer with the same result. [DEC].
Component: (1) A term used to identify a raw material, ingredient, part or subassembly that goes into a higher level assembly, compound or other item. It may also include packaging materials for finished goods [APIC]. (2) An inclusive term used to identify a raw material, ingredient, part or subassembly that goes into a higher level assembly, compound or other item. May also include packaging materials for finished items.
Computer Aided Software Engineering: Computer based tools to aid programming tasks, CASE tools.
Computer Graphics: A human-oriented system that uses the capabilities of a computer to create, transform, and display pictorial and symbolic data.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing: The computer integrated enterprise of manufacturing including the management of required resources; people, organization, material, energy, data, computer technology and automation equipment.; (1)Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is manufacturing supported by information and automation intended to create an overall system, that is: a) responsive to the human and economic environment interpreted on all levels and, b) that improves the management of the industrial facility.; (2) Computer Integrated Manufacturing is the use of computers to streamline the flow of materials and information within a manufacturing organization. The goal of CIM is to increase productivity, product quality and manufacturing flexibility while decreasing cost and time-to-market. It is important to keep in mind that CIM itself is not the goal, but instead a strategy to ensure the long-term survivability of the manufacturing organization.; (3)CIM is the strategy by which manufacturers organize the various hardware and software components, such as robotics, machine vision, CAD (Computer-Aided Design), CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) and Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II), into a unified system working toward the same goals. There is, however, no hard and fast scientific formula for CIM.; (4)Computer Integrated Manufacturing involves the development and implementation of a computer-based information management and automation system for the enterprise which allows the establishment of a business process to: a) Automate the information flow of the plant. b) Deploy appropriate automation and information technologies wherever they are needed in the plant. c) make optimal use of the capabilities of plant personnel. d) Maximize information access at all levels of the system. e) Provide timely, accurate and complete information on plant operations wherever and whenever needed with the object of obtaining a competitive advantage for the company.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Architecture: A graphical representation of organization and connectivity of elements that participate in a CIM system.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) System: Refers to an implementation of the CIM architecture to integrate an enterprise. Proper selection of CIM products and standards as part of the system will require characteristics of the particular enterprise and attributes of its data requirements to be defined.
Conceptual Design: The result of the conceptual phase in defining the product. It begins with the broad product objectives and decomposes these objectives into concept formulation, general design approaches, feasibility evaluations, block diagrams and high-level layouts of the product design [SAMA]. Synonym: Functional Baseline.
Conceptual Model: An abstract representation of an object or phenomenon that provides a common understanding.
Conceptual: Schema; Comprising the central description of the various information contents that may be in a database.
Configuration: The complete technical description required to build, test, accept, operate, maintain and logistically support a piece of equipment. It includes the physical and functional characteristics of the equipment. [SAMA].
Configuration As-Designed: When a drawing list on the As-Planned list is formally released, the drawing constitutes the As-Designed Configuration requirement. The purpose of this list is to provide a reference point for comparing the As-Built Configuration to the As-Designed Configuration. [SAMA].
Configuration As-Modified: The list which identifies the changes made to a product in the field or at a test site. This report is an updated record of the product as it proceeds through a series of field modifications and changes. It includes the Cl and serial numbers, modification drawing number, ECP numbers, date of incorporation, product location, persons making the modification and the results of the modification. [SAMA].
Configuration As-Planned: Lists which are used to enable advanced planning by various departments to record interface definitions and systems requirements. These lists are based on the specification tree and design requirements defined in the product specification. The drawings are initially identified in an indentured assembly drawing list, and detail drawings are added to the list as the task progresses. The list is released by engineering. [SAMA].
Configuration Change Request: Used to request a change to the approved product configuration. [SAMA].
Configuration Control Documents: Documents to control changes in configuration. Configuration Control establishes procedures to process these changes from initiation of the document through analysis and finally to the approval or disapproval and affectivity of the document. [SAMA].
Configuration Identifier: An alphanumeric designator used to identify configuration elements. [SAMA].
Configuration Log: A logbook kept with each end item after final assembly. The logbook is used for recording data on all periods of operation, for example, operation history, tests, failures, repair and replacements, diagnosis and rework. [SAMA].
Constraints: Actual operating limits of process equipment.
Constraint Rule: A type of rule that applies limits to a search by specifying that its associated pattern is never allowed to occur in a valid solution. These rules help reduce the number of unproductive searches. [DEC].
Continuous Process: Process which runs at some relatively constant rate for long periods of time. Contrasts with Batch Process.
Contractor Planning: Schedules of requests for outside contractor assistance.
Contractual Obligations: Conditions, agreements and contracts with customers, and/or suppliers. By definition, these are written and must be honored. Examples are blanket orders, terms and conditions for purchase orders or service requests, etc.
Control: Measurement of performance or action and comparison with established standards in order to maintain performance and action within permissible limits of variance from the standard. May involve taking corrective action to bring performance into line with the plan or standard.
Control Action: The institution of the necessary activity to cause a process, device or system to carry out the tasks assigned to that particular process, device or system.
Controlled Variables: Validated measurements for direct control of pressure, temperature, flow, etc.
Controls IDEF: Inputs to the top surface of the IDEFm block representing those items which exercise controls or constraints over the transformation represented by the block.
Coordination Needs: Extent to which operators must work with others to obtain the information necessary to perform their jobs.
COS: Corporation for Open Systems. An organization of vendors formed in 1985 to coordinate member company efforts in the selection of standards and protocols, conformance testing, and the establishment of certification. The purpose was to improve, and eventually insure, interoperability of different vendors' products.
Coupling: Refers to the number of informational and control linkages between two modules. It is desirable to minimize these linkages and make them explicit.
Criterion: A standard on which a judgment can be based; Plural: Criteria; Usage note: Criteria is a plural form and should not be substituted for the singular criterion.
Critical Success Factors (CSFs): The few key areas of activity in which favorable results are absolutely necessary for a particular business entity to reach its goals. "Things that must go right."
CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, a method of assigning mastership in a communications network.
CSU/DSU: Communications Service Unit/Data Service Unit. A device which serves to interface a LAN with an external communications service such as an ISDN data line.
Customer: Anyone who makes a demand on the manufacturing entity that is external to that entity and that requires a quality response. Examples include research and development, corporation management, government authority and product customers.
Customer Products and Services: Output items or activities of an enterprise that are its reason of being, i.e., those for which it receives remuneration, etc.
Customer Profile: Information relating to a customer used to facilitate manufacturing activities. This includes such information as customer contact, specific product, product information requirements, shipping requirements and special instructions and anything else related to customer relations.
Customer Responses: Replies to customer in response to requests for order status, purchase order acknowledgement, technical information, shipping dates, quality information, etc.
Customer Returns, Requests and Feedback: Any contact with a customer of the manufacturing entity. It may be requests for information, requests for manufacturing capacity, feedback on manufacturing performance or product performance, or information on any output sent to a customer that was returned for failure to meet expectations. They are converted into any further output that is sent to the customer in response.