A specification establishing the method and detailed requirements for packaging, handling, preservation, storage, or shipment of a part, material, product or system. [SAMA].
Parameter
(1) A variable that is given a constant value for a specified application. (2) A variable that controls the effect and usage of a command. (3) Alterable values that control the effect and usage of a graphics command. (4) A constant whose values determine the operation or characteristics of a system. In y = ax2 - bx + c; a, b, and c are the parameters of a family of parabolas. (5) A variable, t, such that each variable of a related system of variables may be expressed as a function of t.
Part
A material item that has been purchased or fabricated from raw material and is normally not handled as part of an assembly. [CMSG].
Part Supplies
Delivery of parts, e.g. to maintenance crews.
Parts for Rework
Nonconforming material that is dispositioned to be reworked.
Parts Order Request
Purchase order request for spare parts replenishment.
Parts Replenishment
Supply of reordered parts to replenish inventory.
Parts Request
Request to spare parts warehouse for parts by work order.
Parts Specification
A specification which establishes the design and detailed requirements for components that are joined together and cannot be taken apart without destroying the function of the resulting assembly.
Pattern
In Expert Systems, the description of something for which a system should search either in a knowledge base or rule base. DEC].
Pattern Matching
A process performed by an expert system during a search through its knowledge base. [DEC].
Payment Authorization
Payment or authorization for payment for purchased goods, services, and capital equipment. It also includes salaries, wages, and benefits to the employees, and taxes, social security payments to the government, and all other employee withholding to the appropriate organization.
PCA
Process Communications Architecture. An architecture for a three layer (Physical, Data Link, and Application) open communications system being developed by ISA SP72. It can provide communications functions that are needed in control and automation applications. PCA uses OSI protocols and provides a transparent application interface to 7-layer MAP networks.
PDU
Protocol Data Unit. Each of the seven OSI layers accepts data SDUs (SubData Unit) from the layer above, adds its own header PCI (Protocol Control Information) and passes the data to the layer below as a PDU. Conversely, each of the layers also accepts data from the layer below, strips off its header, and passes it up to the layer above.
Performance and Reporting Data
Plant operating and production data as developed to satisfy historical records, customer requests, plant test operations, costing needs, plant performance results, etc.
Performance Gaps
Situations in which the organization's recent performance fails to meet expectations.
Performance Specification
A specification that describes what is to be accomplished by the equipment, but does not describe how the system is to be designed. It specifies the development goal. [SAMA].
PHIGS (Programming Hierarchical Graphics System)
An ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard for graphic representations and data.
Pick List
A document that lists the material to be picked for manufacturing or shipping orders. [APIC] - Picking is the process of withdrawing from stock the components to make products or the finished goods to be shipped to the customer. [APIC].
PID (PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL-DERIVATIVE CONTROL)
A popular control strategy that produces output control action proportional to the sum of the input, plus the integral of the input, plus the rate of change of the input.
PIEEE 1003 (POSIX INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL, AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS)
The PIEEE 1003 activity represents different committees that are crafting sets of specifications for Posix. The IEEE 1003.4 group is focusing on real-time issues that all facilitate the use of Posix-compliant hardware on the factory floor.
Planned Order
A suggested order quantity and due date created by MRP processing when it encounters net requirements. Planned orders only exist within the computer and can be changed or deleted before they are released. Planned orders at one level are exploded into gross requirements for the next level. [APIC].
Planning Horizon
In an MRP system, the planning horizon is the span of time from the current to some future date for which material plans are generated. This must cover at least the cumulative purchasing and manufacturing lead time, and usually is quite a bit longer.
Plant Agreements with Suppliers
Written agreements in place that specify quality and delivery time of materials provided by suppliers.
PMS
Process Messaging Service (see ISA SP72).
Policy
A definite course or method of action selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions.
Policy Implementors
Entities which execute the established manufacturing policy. They may be humans, computer systems or other devices depending upon the capabilities needed. Policy implementors comprise the information management and automation system configuration. Policy implementors comprise those agents whose decisions are effectively computable.
Policy Makers
Are external influences that formulate the established manufacturing policy. Because of the innovation necessary, they will be human beings for the foreseeable future.
POMS (Process Operations Management System)
An IBM- and customer-sponsored software initiative to link MRPII applications running on AS/400 minicomputers and shop-floor data collection systems running on PS/2 computers. It is not an IBM product, though IBM funded its development. (Obsolete term included for historical purposes).
POSIX (Portable Operating System for Computer Environments)
A UNIX-based standard under development by the IEEE. In 1988, the committee officially released the first installment of the standard (1003.1), which presents a core set of system cells. POSIX has been adopted as a Federation Information Processing Standard and is included in OSFs basic specifications.
Predictive/Preventive Maintenance
Maintenance specifically intended to prevent faults from occurring during subsequent operation.
Procedure Policy
These are definitions of approved methods of how to accomplish tasks. [APIC].
Procedure Rules
Represent the Enterprise operations as they dynamically control sets of Enterprise activities.
Process
Functions conducted by the enterprise to accomplish its purpose. Processes satisfy the principle of locality and the principle of autonomy (Purdue model). A process can be decomposed into many levels of sub-processes.
Process Analysis
Analytical examination of a process for the purpose of documenting and understanding the phenomena which occur in/within the process.
Process Control
The regulation of variables that influence and/or control the conduct of a process so that a specified quality and quantity of product is obtained. Pertaining to systems whose purpose is to provide automation of continuous operations. This is contrasted with numerical control, which provides automation of discrete operations.
Process Data Requirements
A specification of the data that must be collected to support the information needed for other functions, such as process planning.
Process Plan
A detailed plan for the production of a piece part or assembly. It includes a sequence of steps to be executed according to the instruction in each step and consistent with the controls indicated in the instructions. [CAMI].
Process Specification
A specification which establishes material properties and detailed process control requirements for materials or items that require specific process operations. [SAMA].
Process Status
Information concerning the current well being of the process; in control, alarms (out of control process), etc.
Producibility Requirements
An evaluation of the product's design with respect to how the design can be changed to improve the producibility of the product.
Product Allocation List
Identifies the planned systems and/or the geographical location of each configuration item and the quantity requirements at each location or in each system. [SAMA].
Product Cost
Total manufacturing cost of product excluding sales, marketing and company overhead.
Product Family
A group of products having a common classification criteria. Design engineering may classify items by function, size, shape or material in order to retrieve all items having common characteristics when required for a specific design purpose. This avoids duplication of design, routings, items, stock accounting, etc. The sales department may classify items by product groups according to potential users, function, size, etc. [CMSG].
Product Information
Product related sales information (price, availability, documentation...).
Product Specification
A specification describing the requirements that a product must meet.
Product Strategy
A strategy on how to produce or market a product. It includes product mix, etc.
Product Structure
The definition of the way components go into a product during its manufacture. A typical product structure would show the relation of one component to another; i.e., the relationship of the raw material being converted into fabricated components, components being put together into subassemblies, subassemblies going into assemblies, etc. [APIC].
Product Structure Lead-Time
A product structure that describes the lead time needed for raw material, time to manufacture parts, assemble parts, etc.
Product Structure Make-Buy
A product structure that specifies which components will be made and which will be bought.
Product Structure Material
A product structure describing the raw material needed to produce a part, and the material needed to support the production operation.
Product Structure Resource
A product structure describing the resources needed to produce each component.
Production Baseline
The resulting state of a product after preliminary design, detail design, and qualification and prototype testing are complete.
Production Capacity
The highest, sustainable output rate which can be achieved with the current product specifications, product mix, worker effort, plant, and equipment.
Production Order
A document or group of documents conveying authority for the manufacture or assembly of specified products or components in specified quantities. [APIC].
Production Plan
A plan for setting the overall level of manufacturing output. Its prime purpose is to establish production rates that will achieve management's goals of lowering/raising inventories or backlogs while keeping the production force relatively stable. It is usually stated in broad terms such as product families or end products. [APIC].
Production Planning
(1) The systematic scheduling of workers, materials, and machines by using lead times, time standards, delivery dates, work loads, and similar data for the purpose of producing products efficiently and economically and meeting desired deliver dates. (2) Routing and scheduling.
Production Schedule
A plan which authorizes the factory to manufacture a certain quantity of a specific item. Usually initiated by the production planning department.
Productivity Shell
A combination of underlying knowledge representations and user interfaces that is highly domain-specific. It includes objects, decision making processes and interface representations that are user, rather than artificial intelligence dependent.
Products and Waste Materials and Utilities
This output includes finished product, intermediate products including subassemblies and modules, as well as process generated utilities (i.e., steam, electric). It further includes all waste materials produced by the process including consumables, scrap material, heated water, toxic waste and solvents.
Programmable Logic Controller
A specialized industrial computer used to program automatically control production and process operations by interfacing software control strategies to input/output devices.
Protocol
A formal definition (semantic or syntax) that describes how data is to be formatted for communication between a data source and a data sink.
PROWAY
A standard for a process control highway based on IEEE 802.4 token bus immediate acknowledged MAC (Media Access Control), a physical layer utilizing a phase-contiguous signaling technique. Developed by ISA SP72.
Purchased Energy, Material and Supplies
Are the tangible items that are brought into the manufacturing entity to facilitate the manufacturing process. They are converted to materials leaving the entity in the form of produced or waste material.
Purchasing Lead Time
The total time required to obtain a purchased item. Included are order preparation, release time, vendor lead time, transportation time, receiving, Inspection and put away time. [APIC].